America's closest partners are not treating President Donald Trump's midterm defeat as cause for celebration, according to reporting from allied capitals.

After two years of strained relations with the White House, officials abroad view the election result as another sign of a volatile US electorate and an unpredictable security partner rather than a simple course correction.

The caution reflects how deeply foreign policy has swung with domestic politics. Governments that rely on US guarantees on Ukraine, the Middle East and wider alliance planning now expect continued turbulence even as Democrats prepare to take control of Congress.

For capitals that hoped a rebuke at the ballot box would steady American commitments, the early signal is cooler. The midterm shock may constrain Trump at home, yet partners still see a United States whose reliability they can no longer take for granted.